CHICKEN POX (VARICELLA)

CHICKEN POX (VARICELLA)

DESCRIPTION:

• Chicken pox is also known as varicella.
• Agent: Varicella-zoster virus.
• Incubation period: From 1 to 2 days before the onset of the rash to 6 days after the first crop of vesicles, when crusts have formed.
• Source: Respiratory tract secretions of infected person; skin lesions.
• Transmission: Direct contact, droplet (airborne) spread, and contaminated objects.

ASSESSMENT:

• Slight fever, malaise, and anorexia are followed by a macular rash that first appears on the trunk and scalp and moves to the face and extremities.
• Lesions become pustules, begin to dry, and develop a crust.
• Lesions may appear on the mucous membranes of the mouth, the genital area, and the rectal area.

INTERVENTIONS:

• In the hospital, ensure strict isolation (contact and droplet (airborne) precautions).
• At home, isolate the infected child until the vesicles have dried.
• The antiviral agent acyclovir (Zovirax) may be used to treat varicella infections in susceptible immune compromised persons to decrease the number of lesions; shorten the duration of fever; and decrease itching, lethargy, and anorexia.
• The use of VCZ immune globulin (VariZIG) or intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) is recommended for children who are immune compromised, who have no previous history of varicella, and who are likely to contract the disease and have complications as a result.
• Provide supportive care.

NOTES:

• Isolate high-risk children, such as children who have immunosuppressive disorders, from a child with communicable disease.