CHILDHOOD OBESITY

CHILDHOOD OBESITY

BODY MASS INDEX:

• Body mass index (BMI) is a measure used to determine childhood overweight and obesity.
• Overweight is defined as BMI is at or above the 85% and below 95% for children and teens of the same age and sex.
• Obesity defined as BMI is at or above 95% for children and teens of the same age and sex.
• Body mass index (BMI) can be calculated by dividing the client's weight in kilograms by height in meters squared.
• For example, a client who weighs 75 kg (165 pounds) and is 1.8 m (5 feet 9 inches) tall has a BMI of 23-25 (75 divided by 1.8×1.8= 23.15) 

CHILDHOOD OBESITY IN INDIA:

• We can't denied about this issue, because we all know it is on the rise.
• According to Indian Journal Of Endocrinology And Metabolism:
• Somewhere between 5.74% and 8.82% of schoolchildren in India are obese.
• In urban south India, 21.4% boys and 18.5% girls aged 13-18 are either over weight or obese.

• Worldwide, in the year 2000, the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) declared about 10% of children aged 5-17 (about 155 million) were over weight, out of which 2 or 3 % (30 - 45 million) were obese.

REASONS FOR CHILDHOOD OBESITY:

• Maternal smoking during early pregnancy is associated with a 500% greater risk of obesity at age 5, and a 260% greater risk at ages 9-10.
• They don't get physical activity.
• 96% of elementary schools offer no physical education classes.
• Adolescents consume more calories from sugar sweetened beverages and fruit juices. More than half of these beverages are consumed at home.
• Time spent in front of a screen during adolescence is associated with increased obesity.
• 7 hours is the amount of time kids spend in front of TV or computer screens daily.
• Snacks sizes have grown larger.

COMPLICATIONS OF CHILDHOOD OBESITY:

PSYCHOLOGICAL:

• Poor self esteem
• Depression
• Eating disorders

NEUROLOGICAL

• Pseudo tumor cerebri

PULMONARY

• Sleep apnoea
• Asthma
• Exercise intolerance

CARDIOVASCULAR

• Dyslipidaemia
• Hypertension
• Coagulopathy
• Chronic inflammation
• Endothelial dysfunction

GASTROINTESTINAL

• Gallstones
• Steatoheptitis

RENAL

• Glomerulosclerosis

MUSCULOSKELETAL

• Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
• Blount's disease
• Forearm fracture
• Flat feet

ENDOCRINE

• Type 2 dibetes
• Precocious puberty
• Polycystic ovary syndrome (girls)
• Hypogonadism (boys)

PREVENTION OF CHILDHOOD OBESITY:

• There are many things that a parent can do to prevent obesity in their child, including:
• Respect your child's appetite; children do not have to finish everything on their plate, or finish the entire bottle.
• Avoid pre-prepared and foods with extra sugar.
• Provide your child with a healthy diet, 30% or fewer calories from fat.
• Provide enough fiber.
• Limit the amount of high-calorie foods kept in the home.
• Enjoy physical activities as a family (walking, playing outdoor games, etc.)
• Limit TV viewing.
• Do not reward completion of meals with sweet desserts.
• Replace whole milk with skim milk at about 2 years of age, or at 1 year of age, if you are concerned about obesity.
• Encourage your child to participate in active play.