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Showing posts with label childhood obesity in India. Show all posts
Showing posts with label childhood obesity in India. Show all posts

Sunday, December 30, 2018

CHILDHOOD OBESITY


CHILDHOOD OBESITY


BODY MASS INDEX:

  • Body mass index (BMI) is a measure used to determine childhood overweight and obesity.
  • Overweight is defined as BMI is at or above the 85% and below 95% for children and teens of the same age and sex.
  • Obesity defined as BMI is at or above 95% for children and teens of the same age and sex.
  • Body mass index (BMI) can be calculated by dividing the client's weight in kilograms by height in meters squared.
  • For example, a client who weighs 75 kg (165 pounds) and is 1.8 m (5 feet 9 inches) tall has a BMI of 23-25 (75 divided by 1.8×1.8= 23.15) 


CHILDHOOD OBESITY IN INDIA:

  • We can't denied about this issue, because we all know it is on the rise.
  • According to Indian Journal Of Endocrinology And Metabolism:
  • Somewhere between 5.74% and 8.82% of schoolchildren in India are obese.
  • In urban south India, 21.4% boys and 18.5% girls aged 13-18 are either over weight or obese.
  • Worldwide, in the year 2000, the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) declared about 10% of children aged 5-17 (about 155 million) were over weight, out of which 2 or 3 % (30 - 45 million) were obese.

REASONS FOR CHILDHOOD OBESITY:

  • Maternal smoking during early pregnancy is associated with a 500% greater risk of obesity at age 5, and a 260% greater risk at ages 9-10.
  • They don't get physical activity.
  • 96% of elementary schools offer no physical education classes.
  • Adolescents consume more calories from sugar sweetened beverages and fruit juices. More than half of these beverages are consumed at home.
  • Time spent in front of a screen during adolescence is associated with increased obesity.
  • 7 hours is the amount of time kids spend in front of TV or computer screens daily.
  • Snacks sizes have grown larger.

COMPLICATIONS OF CHILDHOOD OBESITY:

PSYCHOLOGICAL:

  • Poor self esteem
  • Depression
  • Eating disorders

NEUROLOGICAL

  • Pseudo tumor cerebri

PULMONARY

  • Sleep apnoea
  • Asthma
  • Exercise intolerance

CARDIOVASCULAR

  • Dyslipidaemia
  • Hypertension
  • Coagulopathy
  • Chronic inflammation
  • Endothelial dysfunction

GASTROINTESTINAL

  • Gallstones
  • Steatoheptitis

RENAL

  • Glomerulosclerosis

MUSCULOSKELETAL

  • Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
  • Blount's disease
  • Forearm fracture
  • Flat feet

ENDOCRINE

  • Type 2 dibetes
  • Precocious puberty
  • Polycystic ovary syndrome (girls)
  • Hypogonadism (boys)


PREVENTION OF CHILDHOOD OBESITY:

  • There are many things that a parent can do to prevent obesity in their child, including:
  • Respect your child's appetite; children do not have to finish everything on their plate, or finish the entire bottle.
  • Avoid pre-prepared and foods with extra sugar.
  • Provide your child with a healthy diet, 30% or fewer calories from fat.
  • Provide enough fiber.
  • Limit the amount of high-calorie foods kept in the home.
  • Enjoy physical activities as a family (walking, playing outdoor games, etc.)
  • Limit TV viewing.
  • Do not reward completion of meals with sweet desserts.
  • Replace whole milk with skim milk at about 2 years of age, or at 1 year of age, if you are concerned about obesity.
  • Encourage your child to participate in active play.


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