humanbody structure

Showing posts with label complications. Show all posts
Showing posts with label complications. Show all posts

Sunday, December 30, 2018

CHILDHOOD OBESITY


CHILDHOOD OBESITY


BODY MASS INDEX:

  • Body mass index (BMI) is a measure used to determine childhood overweight and obesity.
  • Overweight is defined as BMI is at or above the 85% and below 95% for children and teens of the same age and sex.
  • Obesity defined as BMI is at or above 95% for children and teens of the same age and sex.
  • Body mass index (BMI) can be calculated by dividing the client's weight in kilograms by height in meters squared.
  • For example, a client who weighs 75 kg (165 pounds) and is 1.8 m (5 feet 9 inches) tall has a BMI of 23-25 (75 divided by 1.8×1.8= 23.15) 


CHILDHOOD OBESITY IN INDIA:

  • We can't denied about this issue, because we all know it is on the rise.
  • According to Indian Journal Of Endocrinology And Metabolism:
  • Somewhere between 5.74% and 8.82% of schoolchildren in India are obese.
  • In urban south India, 21.4% boys and 18.5% girls aged 13-18 are either over weight or obese.
  • Worldwide, in the year 2000, the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) declared about 10% of children aged 5-17 (about 155 million) were over weight, out of which 2 or 3 % (30 - 45 million) were obese.

REASONS FOR CHILDHOOD OBESITY:

  • Maternal smoking during early pregnancy is associated with a 500% greater risk of obesity at age 5, and a 260% greater risk at ages 9-10.
  • They don't get physical activity.
  • 96% of elementary schools offer no physical education classes.
  • Adolescents consume more calories from sugar sweetened beverages and fruit juices. More than half of these beverages are consumed at home.
  • Time spent in front of a screen during adolescence is associated with increased obesity.
  • 7 hours is the amount of time kids spend in front of TV or computer screens daily.
  • Snacks sizes have grown larger.

COMPLICATIONS OF CHILDHOOD OBESITY:

PSYCHOLOGICAL:

  • Poor self esteem
  • Depression
  • Eating disorders

NEUROLOGICAL

  • Pseudo tumor cerebri

PULMONARY

  • Sleep apnoea
  • Asthma
  • Exercise intolerance

CARDIOVASCULAR

  • Dyslipidaemia
  • Hypertension
  • Coagulopathy
  • Chronic inflammation
  • Endothelial dysfunction

GASTROINTESTINAL

  • Gallstones
  • Steatoheptitis

RENAL

  • Glomerulosclerosis

MUSCULOSKELETAL

  • Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
  • Blount's disease
  • Forearm fracture
  • Flat feet

ENDOCRINE

  • Type 2 dibetes
  • Precocious puberty
  • Polycystic ovary syndrome (girls)
  • Hypogonadism (boys)


PREVENTION OF CHILDHOOD OBESITY:

  • There are many things that a parent can do to prevent obesity in their child, including:
  • Respect your child's appetite; children do not have to finish everything on their plate, or finish the entire bottle.
  • Avoid pre-prepared and foods with extra sugar.
  • Provide your child with a healthy diet, 30% or fewer calories from fat.
  • Provide enough fiber.
  • Limit the amount of high-calorie foods kept in the home.
  • Enjoy physical activities as a family (walking, playing outdoor games, etc.)
  • Limit TV viewing.
  • Do not reward completion of meals with sweet desserts.
  • Replace whole milk with skim milk at about 2 years of age, or at 1 year of age, if you are concerned about obesity.
  • Encourage your child to participate in active play.


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